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Clinical Nursing Research
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Puerto Rican Women’s Perceptions of Heart Disease Risk

Jean Lange

Fairfield University, Connecticut, USA, jlange{at}fairfield.edu

Sharon Evans-Benard

Fairfield University, Connecticut, USA

Jennifer Cooper

Fairfield University, Connecticut, USA

Ellen Fahey

Fairfield University, Connecticut, USA

Marlain Kalapos

Fairfield University, Connecticut, USA

Donna Tice

Fairfield University, Connecticut, USA

Nancy Wang-D'Amato

Fairfield University, Connecticut, USA

Nancy Watsky

Fairfield University, Connecticut, USA

Women frequently fail to recognize that coronary heart disease (CHD), not breast cancer, is the primary cause of female mortality. CHD mortality among U.S. mainland Puerto Rican (PR) women is second only to African American women. It is unknown what PR women understand about their risk, what factors they believe contribute to CHD, or whether they know the atypical symptoms often experienced by women. Most CHD studies exclude Hispanic women. Those that do often aggregate their results, making subgroup variations invisible. This study explored awareness of CHD symptoms, risks, and help-seeking behaviors among 12 PR women. Focus group methodology revealed that participants were unaware of their risk and had misconceptions about CHD symptoms and contributing factors. Barriers to early recognition and treatment included lack of knowledge, gender role conflict (caregiver vs. care recipient), and fears of falsely alarming family members or the embarrassment of feeling "dismissed" by health care providers.

Key Words: heart disease • Hispanic • Puerto Rican • women • risk factors

This version was published on November 1, 2009

Clinical Nursing Research, Vol. 18, No. 4, 291-306 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1054773809346539


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